/*************************************************************************

    readti -- Creates sector images from floppy disks written on the TI-99/4A
              and Geneve computer family
    
    Copyright (C) 2008 Michael Zapf (Michael.Zapf@mizapf.de)
    Copyright (C) 2011 Gerhard Wiesinger (gerhard@wiesinger.com)

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 
    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free 
    Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) 
    any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for 
    more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with 
    this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

**************************************************************************/

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <linux/fd.h>
#include <linux/fdreg.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <getopt.h>

#define COMMAND 0
#define PHEAD 1
#define LCYL 2
#define LHEAD 3
#define SECTOR 4
#define SECTSIZE 5
#define SECTPERCYL 6
#define GAP 7
#define SIZE2 8

#define FM 1
#define MFM 0
#define SINGLE 1
#define DOUBLE 2

#define SECTOR_SIZE (0x100)

// Reply interrupt code (2 status bits, bits 7,6)
#define REPLY_STATUS_MASK (0xC0)

struct geometry_t 
{
	int tracks;
	int sectors;
	int sides;
	int rate;
	int density;
	int stepping;
} geometry;

int disk_analysis;
int command_display;
int debug;
int verbose;
int recalibrate_on_error;
int reply_display;
int sectorwise_read;

struct floppy_raw_cmd raw_cmd;

void print_command()
{
	unsigned int i = 0;
	printf("command: flags=0x%08X, rate=0x%02X, track=%d, len=%ld, command_count=%d, command[hex]=", 
		raw_cmd.flags, (int)raw_cmd.rate, raw_cmd.track, raw_cmd.length, (int)raw_cmd.cmd_count);
	for (i=0; i < raw_cmd.cmd_count; ++i)
		printf("%02X ", (unsigned int)raw_cmd.cmd[i]);

	printf("\n");
	fflush(stdout);
}

int is_reply_error_byte(unsigned char* reply)
{
	return ((reply[0] & REPLY_STATUS_MASK) != 0);
}

int is_reply_error(struct floppy_raw_cmd* cmd)
{
	if (cmd->reply_count < 7)
	{
		printf("Got no valid reply with length >=7");
		exit(1);
	}
	return is_reply_error_byte(&(cmd->reply[0]));
}

void print_reply()
{
	unsigned int i = 0;
	printf("reply_count=%d, reply[hex]=", (int)raw_cmd.reply_count);
	for (i=0; i < raw_cmd.reply_count; ++i)
		printf("%02X ", (unsigned int)raw_cmd.reply[i]);

	printf("\n");
	fflush(stdout);
}

int fileout_seek(FILE* fout, int track, int sector, int head)
{
	int error = 0;
	long offset = 0;
	if (geometry.sides == 2 && head == 1)
	{
		// Second side: starting with half offset of file and tracks geometry.tracks-1 downto 0
		offset = SECTOR_SIZE * (sector + geometry.sectors * (geometry.tracks + (geometry.tracks-1) - track));
	}
	else
	{
		// First side: starting with 0 offset of file and tracks 0 to geometry.tracks-1
		offset = SECTOR_SIZE * (sector + geometry.sectors * track);
	}
	if (debug) printf("Seek to file position %ld\n", offset);
	error = fseek(fout, offset, SEEK_SET);
	if (error) printf("Can't seek to file position %ld\n", offset);
	return error;
}

int write_initial_file(FILE* fout)
{
	wchar_t* buffer = NULL;
	long offset = 0;
	int size = 0;
	int error = fseek(fout, 0, SEEK_SET);
        if (error)
	{
		printf("Can't seek to file position %ld\n", offset);
		return error;
	}

	size = SECTOR_SIZE * geometry.sides * geometry.sectors * geometry.tracks;

	if (verbose) printf("Allocating file with filesize of %d bytes\n", size);

	buffer = malloc(size);
	if (buffer == NULL)
	{
		printf("Can't allocate %d bytes\n", size);
		return 1;
	}
	wmemset(buffer, 0xaddeadde, size/sizeof(wchar_t));
	fwrite(buffer, size, 1, fout);	
	free(buffer);

	error = fseek(fout, 0, SEEK_SET);
        if (error)
	{
		printf("Can't seek to file position %ld\n", offset);
		return error;
	}
	return 0;
}

void recalibrate(int fd)
{
	int tmp, size;
	int head = 0;
	int track = 0;
	
	raw_cmd.cmd[PHEAD] = head*4;  // 0 and 4 are the sides
	raw_cmd.cmd[LHEAD] = head;
	raw_cmd.cmd_count = 2;
	raw_cmd.length = SECTOR_SIZE;
	size = raw_cmd.length;    

	raw_cmd.rate = geometry.rate;
	raw_cmd.flags = FD_RAW_INTR | FD_RAW_NEED_SEEK;

	raw_cmd.cmd[COMMAND] = FD_RECALIBRATE;
	if (geometry.density==FM) raw_cmd.cmd[0] &= ~0x40;

	raw_cmd.cmd[LCYL] = track;
	raw_cmd.track = raw_cmd.cmd[LCYL]*geometry.stepping;

	if (debug || command_display) print_command();

	tmp = ioctl( fd, FDRAWCMD, &raw_cmd );
	if (verbose) printf("Recalibrate...\n"); 
	if ( tmp < 0 ){
		perror("error executing command");
		exit(1);
	}
}

void loadsector(int fd, FILE* fout, int track, int sector, int head)
{
	int tmp, size;
	
	char buffer[ 512 * 2 * 24 ];

	raw_cmd.data = buffer;
	raw_cmd.cmd[PHEAD] = head*4;  // 0 and 4 are the sides
	raw_cmd.cmd[LHEAD] = head;
	raw_cmd.cmd[SECTOR] = sector;
	raw_cmd.cmd[SECTSIZE] = 1;   // 0 = 128, 1 = 256, 2 = 512, 3 = 1024 ...
	raw_cmd.cmd[SECTPERCYL] = geometry.sectors;
	raw_cmd.cmd[GAP] = 0x1b;     // not needed, default
	raw_cmd.cmd[SIZE2] = 0xff;   // not needed, default
	raw_cmd.cmd_count = 9;
	raw_cmd.length = SECTOR_SIZE;
	size = raw_cmd.length;    

	raw_cmd.rate = geometry.rate;
	raw_cmd.flags = FD_RAW_READ | FD_RAW_INTR | FD_RAW_NEED_SEEK;

	raw_cmd.cmd[COMMAND] = FD_READ;
	if (geometry.density==FM) raw_cmd.cmd[0] &= ~0x40;

	raw_cmd.cmd[LCYL] = track;
	raw_cmd.track = raw_cmd.cmd[LCYL]*geometry.stepping;

	if (debug || command_display) print_command();

	tmp = ioctl( fd, FDRAWCMD, &raw_cmd );
	if (verbose) printf("Read sector: track %d, sector=%d, head=%d, reply_count=%d, status=0x%02X\n", track, sector, head, (int)raw_cmd.reply_count, (int)raw_cmd.reply[0]); 
	if ( tmp < 0 ){
		perror("error executing command");
		exit(1);
	}
	if (debug || reply_display) print_reply();
	if (is_reply_error(&raw_cmd))
	{
		printf("Read error reading sector %d on track %d, side %d. Filling with 0xdead.\n", sector, track, head+1);
		wmemset((wchar_t*)buffer, 0xaddeadde, size/sizeof(wchar_t));
	}
	(void)fileout_seek(fout, track, sector, head);
	fwrite(buffer, size, 1, fout);
}

void loadtrack(int fd, FILE* fout, int track, int head)
{
	int tmp, size;
	
	char buffer[ 512 * 2 * 24 ];

	if (sectorwise_read)
	{
		int sector;
		for (sector=0; sector < geometry.sectors; sector++)
		{
			loadsector(fd, fout, track, sector, head);
		}
		return;	
	}

	raw_cmd.data = buffer;
	raw_cmd.cmd[PHEAD] = head*4;  // 0 and 4 are the sides
	raw_cmd.cmd[LHEAD] = head;
	raw_cmd.cmd[SECTOR] = 0;
	raw_cmd.cmd[SECTSIZE] = 1;   // 0 = 128, 1 = 256, 2 = 512, 3 = 1024 ...
	raw_cmd.cmd[SECTPERCYL] = geometry.sectors;
	raw_cmd.cmd[GAP] = 0x1b;     // not needed, default
	raw_cmd.cmd[SIZE2] = 0xff;   // not needed, default
	raw_cmd.cmd_count = 9;
	raw_cmd.length = SECTOR_SIZE * geometry.sectors;
	size = raw_cmd.length;    

	raw_cmd.rate = geometry.rate;
	raw_cmd.flags = FD_RAW_READ | FD_RAW_INTR | FD_RAW_NEED_SEEK;

	raw_cmd.cmd[COMMAND] = FD_READ;
	if (geometry.density==FM) raw_cmd.cmd[0] &= ~0x40;

	raw_cmd.cmd[LCYL] = track;
	raw_cmd.track = raw_cmd.cmd[LCYL]*geometry.stepping;

	if (debug || command_display) print_command();

	tmp = ioctl( fd, FDRAWCMD, &raw_cmd );
	if (verbose) printf("Read track: track=%d, head=%d, reply_count=%d, status=0x%02X\n", track, head, (int)raw_cmd.reply_count, (int)raw_cmd.reply[0]); 
	if ( tmp < 0 ){
		perror("error executing command");
		exit(1);
	}
	if (debug || reply_display) print_reply();
	if (is_reply_error(&raw_cmd))
	{
		int sector;
		if (verbose) printf("Read error reading track %d, side %d. Trying to read separate sectors.\n", track, head+1);
		if (recalibrate_on_error) recalibrate(fd);
		for (sector=0; sector < geometry.sectors; sector++)
		{
			loadsector(fd, fout, track, sector, head);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		(void)fileout_seek(fout, track, 0, head);
		fwrite(buffer, size, 1, fout);
	}
}

unsigned char *try_readid(int fd, int rate, int head, int track, int single_density)
{
	int tmp;
	int need_seek = 1;

	raw_cmd.cmd[COMMAND] = FD_READID;
	raw_cmd.cmd[PHEAD] = head*4;  // 0 and 4 are the sides
	raw_cmd.cmd_count = 2;
	raw_cmd.rate = rate;
	
	raw_cmd.flags = FD_RAW_INTR;
	if (need_seek) raw_cmd.flags |= FD_RAW_NEED_SEEK;
	raw_cmd.track = track;
	
	if (single_density) raw_cmd.cmd[0] &= ~0x40;

	if (debug || command_display) print_command();

	tmp = ioctl( fd, FDRAWCMD, &raw_cmd );
		
	if ( tmp < 0 ){
		perror("error executing command");
		exit(1);
	}

	if (debug) print_reply();
	
	return raw_cmd.reply;
}

/* Note: This analysis cannot detect whether a disk is only 40 tracks when it
   was once formatted as 80 tracks
*/

void analyze_disk(int fd)
{
	// fdrawcmd readid 0 rate=0 need_seek track=0
	unsigned char *status;
	// Determine rate  
	int rate, density;
	int sectors, i, heads, stepping, tracks;
	int min_sector = 100000;
	density = MFM;
	
	if (debug) printf("Detecting rate ...\n");
	for (rate=0; rate < 4; rate++) 
	{
		status = try_readid(fd, rate, 0, 0, density);
		if (!is_reply_error_byte(status)) break;
	}
	if (rate==4)
	{
		if (debug) printf("Trying single density ...\n");
		// Try single density
		density = FM;
		for (rate=0; rate < 4; rate++) 
		{
			status = try_readid(fd, rate, 0, 0, density);
			if (!is_reply_error_byte(status)) break;
		}
		if (rate==4)
		{
			printf("Error ... could not determine rate. Bad floppy disk?\n");
			exit(1);
		}
	}

	if (debug) printf("Rate=%d\n", rate);

	if (debug) printf("Detecting number of sides ...\n");
	// Determine number of sides
	status = try_readid(fd, rate, 1, 0, density);
	if (!is_reply_error_byte(status)) heads = 2;
	else {
		// Try another track
		if (debug) printf("Recalibrating ...\n");
		recalibrate(fd);
		if (debug) printf("Reading track 18 for side detection ...\n");
		status = try_readid(fd, rate, 1, 18, density);
		if (!is_reply_error_byte(status)) heads = 2;
		else 
			heads = 1;
	}
	if (debug) printf("Heads=%d\n", heads);

	if (debug) printf("Detecting number of sectors ...\n");
	// Determine number of sectors per track
	// Heuristic: Statistical analysis of reading same track e.g. 200 (was 50) sectors and determining the maximum
	sectors = 0;
	for (i=0; i < 200; i++)
	{
		if (debug) printf("Read track attempt number %d\n", i);
		status = try_readid(fd, rate, 0, 0, density);
		if (is_reply_error_byte(status)) 
		{
			printf("Error ... could not read a sector. Bad floppy disk?\n");
			exit(1);
		}
		if (status[5] > sectors) sectors = status[5];
		if (status[5] < min_sector) min_sector = status[5];
	}
	if (debug) printf("min_sector=%d\n", min_sector);
	if (debug) printf("max_sector=%d\n", sectors);
	sectors = sectors+1;
	if (debug) printf("Sectors=%d\n", sectors);

	if (debug) printf("Detecting single or double stepping ...\n");
	// Determine single or double stepping
	status = try_readid(fd, rate, 0, 2, density);
	if (is_reply_error_byte(status)) 
	{
		printf("Error ... could not read a sector. Bad floppy disk?\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	if (status[3]==2)
	{
		stepping=SINGLE;
	}
	else
	{
		if (status[3]==1)
		{
			stepping = DOUBLE;
		}
		else 
		{
			printf("Error ... could not determine stepping. Bad floppy disk?\n");
			exit(1);
		}
	}	
	if (debug) printf("Stepping=%d\n", stepping);

	if (debug) printf("Detecting number of tracks ...\n");
	// Determine number of tracks
	// Heuristic: 80 tracks/40 tracks, or 70 tracks/35 tracks
	// Double stepping means a maximum of 40 or 35 tracks.
	tracks = 80;
	if (stepping==1) {
		status = try_readid(fd, rate, 0, tracks-1, density);
		if (is_reply_error_byte(status)) 
		{
			tracks = 70;
			status = try_readid(fd, rate, 0, tracks-1, density);
			if (is_reply_error_byte(status))
			{
				tracks = 40;
				status = try_readid(fd, rate, 0, tracks-1, density);
				if (is_reply_error_byte(status))
				{
					tracks = 35;
					status = try_readid(fd, rate, 0, tracks-1, density);
					if (is_reply_error_byte(status))
					{
						printf("Cannot determine last track. Bad floppy disk?\n");
						exit(1);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	else 
	{ // double stepping; 40 or 35
		tracks = 40;
		status = try_readid(fd, rate, 0, 2*(tracks-1), density);
		if (is_reply_error_byte(status))
		{
			tracks = 35;
			status = try_readid(fd, rate, 0, 2*(tracks-1), density);
			if (is_reply_error_byte(status))
			{
				printf("Cannot determine last track. Bad floppy disk?\n");
				exit(1);
			}
		}
	}
	if (debug) printf("Tracks=%d\n", tracks);
	
	geometry.rate = rate;
	geometry.density = density;
	geometry.sectors = sectors;
	geometry.sides = heads;
	geometry.stepping = stepping;
	geometry.tracks = tracks;
	
	if (verbose || disk_analysis)
	{
		printf("Rate = %d\n", rate);	
		printf("Single density = %d\n", density);
		printf("Sectors = %d\n", sectors);
		printf("Heads = %d\n", heads);
		printf("Stepping(physical/logical tracks) = %d\n", stepping);
		printf("Logical tracks = %d\n", tracks);
	}
}

void usage()
{
	printf("Usage: readti [-a] [-c] [-d] [-e] [-r] [-s] [-v] device (=/dev/fd0) outfile\n");
	printf("  Must be done on a 80 track capable floppy drive (typically no TI ones)\n");
	printf("  -a print disk analysis\n");
	printf("  -c display commands\n");
	printf("  -d debug\n");
	printf("  -e display rEply\n");
	printf("  -r no recalibration beetween track mode read error and sector reading\n");
	printf("  -s read tracks sector wise and not a whole track (doesn't work on some machines otherwise)\n");
	printf("  -v verbose\n");
	exit(1);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	FILE* fout = NULL;
	int fd, i;
	char c;
	disk_analysis = 0;
	command_display = 0;
	debug = 0;
	reply_display = 0;
	recalibrate_on_error = 1;
	sectorwise_read = 0;
	verbose = 0;

	if (argc < 3) usage();
	
	while ((c = getopt (argc, argv, "acdersv")) != -1) 
	{
		switch (c)
		{
		case 'a': 
			disk_analysis = 1;
			break;
		case 'c': 
			command_display = 1;
			break;
		case 'd': 
			debug = 1;
			break;
		case 'e': 
			reply_display = 1;
			break;
		case 'r': // no recalibrate on error
			recalibrate_on_error = 0;
			break;
		case 's': // Read track sectorwise
			sectorwise_read = 1;
			break;
		case 'v': 
			verbose = 1;
			break;
		default:
			usage();
			break;
		}
	}

	// 2 arguments must be left
	if (argc - optind < 2) usage();

	fd = open(argv[optind++], O_ACCMODE | O_NDELAY);
	if ( fd < 0 ){
		perror("error opening floppy");
		exit(1);
	}

	fout = fopen(argv[optind++], "w");
	if ( fout == NULL ){
		perror("error opening output file");
		exit(1);
	}

	analyze_disk(fd);

	(void)write_initial_file(fout);
	
	for (i=0; i < geometry.tracks; i++)
	{
		loadtrack(fd, fout, i, 0);
		if (geometry.sides==2)
		{
			loadtrack(fd, fout, i, 1);
		}
	}		

	if (close(fd)) perror("close error for input file");
	if (fclose(fout)) perror("close error for output file");
	return 0;
}